EDUCACIÓN Y CIUDADANÍA: REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL IMPACTO DE LA MODERNIDAD Y LA POSMODERNIDAD EN EL SUJETO ACTIVO

Abstract

This essay analyzes the impact of modernity and postmodernity on the construction
of the political and citizen subject, which is based on the idea that human history has
been shaped by social, ethical and scientific transformations that influence lifestyles
and conceptions of the world. He relates this process to Comte’s law of three stages
(theological, metaphysical and positivist) and the emergence of modernity in Europe
between the 18th and 19th centuries. Modernity is understood as a period of emancipation
and consolidation of universal values, although loaded with contradictions by prioritizing
reason and science, as authors such as Quijano and Mariátegui point out. In contrast,
Bauman describes postmodernity as a stage of individualism and consumerism, while
Villoro criticizes the unfulfilled promises of modernity and proposes a community vision
based on collective values. The essay highlights the role of education as a key to forming
critical and active citizens, capable of overcoming passive citizenship and promoting the
common good. It concludes by underlining the importance of redefining citizenship in
the postmodern era to build authentic democracies based on ethics, deliberation and
collective action in the face of contemporary inequalities.